Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a type of diabetes that occurs in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic disorder that affects the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. CFRD is a common complication of CF, affecting approximately 30-50% of adults with CF.
CFRD occurs when the mucus buildup in the pancreas that is characteristic of CF damages the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This can lead to a decrease in insulin production, insulin resistance, or both, resulting in high blood sugar levels and the development of diabetes symptoms.
Symptoms of CFRD are similar to those of other forms of diabetes and can include increased thirst and urination, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores or infections. CFRD may also cause weight loss and a decrease in lung function.
Diagnosis of CFRD typically involves blood glucose testing, with abnormal results indicating the need for further testing to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for CFRD may involve insulin therapy to help manage blood sugar levels, as well as lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise to improve overall health.
Prevention of CFRD may be difficult, as the underlying genetic disorder cannot be cured. However, early diagnosis and treatment of CFRD may help improve outcomes for individuals with CF. Regular blood glucose monitoring and appropriate management of blood sugar levels may also help reduce the risk of complications associated with CFRD.