Neonatal diabetes is a rare form of diabetes that is diagnosed during the first six months of life. It can be caused by genetic mutations or developmental abnormalities that affect the pancreas and its ability to produce insulin.
There are two types of neonatal diabetes: transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) and permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM). TNDM is a temporary form of diabetes that typically resolves on its own by 12 to 18 months of age, while PNDM is a permanent form of diabetes that requires ongoing treatment.
Symptoms of neonatal diabetes can include increased thirst and urination, weight loss, fatigue, and frequent infections. If left untreated, neonatal diabetes can lead to serious complications such as seizures, developmental delays, and neurological problems.
Treatment for neonatal diabetes typically involves insulin therapy to regulate blood sugar levels, along with close monitoring of blood glucose and other health parameters. Genetic testing may also be used to identify the underlying cause of the condition and guide treatment decisions.
While neonatal diabetes is a rare condition, early diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications and ensure the best possible outcomes for affected infants.